Fairness prevails in union-dues ruling
For people who truly are interested in a just and fair society, there’s one easy test for sorting through some seemingly complex issues: Turn the tables. For instance, while considering a controversial law affecting a particular group, it’s best to t
hink about how fair it would seem if that law were applied in the same way to you.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision a few days ago in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000, showing how deeply it understands that basic concept. By a 7-2 vote, the high court slapped down the local – California’s largest state-employee union – for deducting money from employees’ paychecks and using it to fight against California campaign initiatives – without giving its covered nonmembers a chance to opt out of these political campaign contributions.
Typically, a union official told the Sacramento Bee that the ruling was another “attack on the right of public-sector workers to act collectively.” But let’s apply our test to these outraged union officials. What if money was deducted by force from their paychecks and used to support conservative tax-limiting initiatives?
Would they be OK with that? We know the answer.
The court majority said, “Public-sector unions have the right under the First Amendment to express their views on political and social issues without government interference. … But employees who choose not to join a union have the same rights.”
There’s a legal requirement (the Hudson rule) that nonmembers, who must pay union dues in union-shop states such as California to cover the cost of union efforts negotiate salaries and benefits for all covered workers, have a chance to opt out of paying the portion of dues used for political purposes.
The idea is that nonmembers shouldn’t be forced to subsidize political activities that may fly in the face of their own beliefs. But the SEIU concocted a scheme to evade that requirement in order to, ironically, battle a statewide ballot initiative that would have limited unions’ ability to continued unilaterally taking such dues from members.
As the Supreme Court explained, “In June 2005 sent to California employees its annual Hudson notice, setting and capping monthly dues and estimating that 56.35 (percent) of its total expenditures in the coming year would be chargeable expenses. A nonmember had 30 days to object to full payment of dues but would still have to pay the chargeable portion.”
After that 30-day time period expired, the union then imposed a huge surcharge on dues – a 25 percent assessment that would be used for the 2006 election. Because the 30-day opt-out period had expired, union officials figured they had come up with a clever way to circumvent the law. Nonmembers had to pay the amount and were provided with no opt-out provision for the temporary dues increase. Eventually, the union offered to return the dues, but the court ruled that it is not a moot case – the union can collect dues, use them for political purposes and then, after the political damage is done, y return the money if anyone bothers to sue.
Here’s the court again: “Under the First Amendment, when a union imposes a special assessment or dues increase levied to meet expenses that were not disclosed when the regular assessment was set, it must provide a fresh notice and may not exact any funds from nonmembers without their affirmative consent.” That’s clear, and that’s fair.
The justices also made it clear that they are open to consider the broader matter of whether it’s appropriate for unions to be able to have the government deduct union dues from paychecks. Writing for the majority, Justice Samuel Alito’s explained: “By authorizing a union to collect fees from nonmembers and permitting the use of an opt-out system for the collection of fees levied to cover expenses, our prior decisions approach, if they do not cross, the limit of what the First Amendment can tolerate.”
Interpretation: Please bring this broader opt-in/op-out issue to the court, and we will invalidate the current, unfair way unions grab money from workers.
Currently, union members and nonmembers have their dues taken out of their paychecks by force, and there’s nothing they can do about it if they want to keep their jobs. In practice, unions make it extremely formidable to opt out. They provide a small window of opportunity, require complex paperwork, and union members who opt out at times report harassment and intimidation by union authorities. I am not against unions per se, but no one should be forced to fund them.
A dissenting opinion, written by Justice Stephen Breyer and joined by Justice Elena Kagan, stated, “The decision is particularly unfortunate given the fact that each reason the court offers in support of its ‘opt-in’ conclusion seems in logic to apply, not just to special assessments, but to ordinary yearly fee charges as well. At least, its opinion can be so read. And that fact virtually guarantees that the opinion will play a central role in an ongoing, intense political debate.”
The dissenters’ main problem was not the substance of the opinion, but their concern that the court has intruded too deeply into the opt-in/opt-out debate – a political contest facing California voters in another “paycheck protection” initiative in November.
Regardless of what California’s fickle voters decide, it is unfair to require this system whereby the union takes the money, and the member or nonmember must plead for a portion of it back. The high-court majority in Knox got it right: “The general rule – individuals should not be compelled to subsidize private groups or private speech – should prevail.”
What a refreshingly fair and just ruling – and a reminder that the days of union special privilege might be subsiding.
Steven Greenhut is vice president of journalism at the Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity.
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